Performance and Safety of Hydraulic Turbines

Research Paper M.V. Sai Ram AP17110020010 Branch: ECEHYDRAULIC TURBINES:Abstract: The first part of the paper contains the choice of small turbines for run of the river power plants. Then a discussion is given on the optimization of the performance of different types of large turbines. Finally a discussion on the safety and necessary maintenance of turbines is given with special attention to bolt connections.A set of empirical equations has been developed which defines the peak efficiency and shape of the efficiency curve for hydraulic turbines as a function commissioning date for the unit, rated head, rated flow, runner speed, and runner throat or impulse turbine jet diameter. The aim of this investigation was to develop an environmentally friendly nano -hydraulic turbine utilizing waterfalls. A model of an impulse type hydraulic turbine constructed and tested with an indoor type waterfall to arrive at an optimum installation condition. Effects of an installation parameter, namely distance between the rotor and the waterfall on the power performance were studied. The flow field around the rotor was examined visually to clarify influences of installation conditions on the flow field. The flow visualization showed differences of flow pattern around the rotor by the change of flow rate and rotational speed of the rotor.Every single turbine is custom-designed specifically to meet the requirements of a hydroelectric power plant. Performance of a designed turbine is validated, to some extent, by computational fluid dynamics simulations. Field performance testing of hydraulic turbines is undertaken to define the head-power-discharge relationship that identifies the peak operating point of the turbine. This relationship is essential for the efficient operation of a hydraulic turbine. The art of hydraulic turbine design never stands still but always progresses. In recent years major emphasis has been on the materials of construction and on such features of design as will reduce maintenance work and costly outages in the field.LimitationsHydro power plant or we can say that hydraulic turbines are widely used from the last decades. It is an efficient renewable energy source. There are many up and downs. Hence there Some limitations as shown in below,1.It is a renewable energy source. Water energy can be used again and again.2.the running cost of turbine or less compare to other.3.It has high efficiency.4.It does not pollute environment.5.It is to maintain.

Performance of Information Systems through Organizational Culture Essay

The objective of this paper is to determine the importance of the connection between the organizational culture and the information system which can be vital to achieve essential business goals. However the proper definition of information system (IS) is important, as different people create confusion in this respect, which according to Anderson (1992) it is the system which captures, records, and reorganize data then provides results which are useful for managerial purposes. On the other hand information technology IT is only the technological part of IS and the organizational culture is simply the way things are done in a firm. The interaction of these systems would result in huge advantages. Now it is that we have precisely viewed the explanation of IT, IS and organizational culture. We should now look at their interconnectedness. IT and organizational culture are incorporated in order to have statistical and meaningful information from the raw and unarranged data which is the information for decision making, however the feasibility of the implementation of such system is important in terms of technology and its cost. Once an idea or belief is accepted by a larger group it is said o be powerful and if it is accepted by a specific group then subcultures are said to exist and it is important to determine that which culture is dominant, and on the basis of this culture two opinions are created one which says that yes IT is important and the second which identifies IT as the fundamental basis of the IS, however it is also important that the new culture should be implemented or meant for a foreseeable future in the long-term and not in the short-term, as the short-term creates complexity quite earlier as compared to long-term approach, if there is some element of deviation of opinion. No matter what is the final decision is, the carrying out of the implementation process is important, currently in most firms there exists a ‘’IT specialist culture’’ which involves only the IT personnel in this process and obviously is not much effective. Therefore it is important that in the implementation of an IS, not only IT personnel should be involved but also the top management and the users of this IS should also be involved so that their requirements are catered in an efficient and effective way. Theoretical principles or basics Today the world is turned into a dynamic market place, where firms need to compete in terms of prices, efficiency and technology. For this purpose experts have realized the importance of information systems (IS) with information technology (IT) as its basis, combined together with the organizational culture. The perfect combination of these three important systems of a firm a firm is able to achieve a competitive status in the world market. Therefore it is important to have such elements in the firm in order to achieve businesses vital goals. For this purpose cultural change is to be incorporated, provided that it is the way things are done or the set of norms of the firm, therefore the bubble-like approach of incorporating cultural changes is said to be the most effective one. Under this idea of bubble-like cultural change, comes the idea of informatics and informational culture. The idea of IS is also important, however majority of people confuse it with IT however the correct expl anation are the one discussed earlier. The implementation of IS’s in most of the firms has resulted into various advantaged to the firms; briefly it enables the management to acquire meaningful information from the raw data and later to help decision making. But the successful implmetation and usage of the IS requires three important components which are: 1, the data or information, the people (implementers and users) and the material resources. Here the data can be any data form example businesses truncations or employee’s records, and the material resources are the mechanical supportive equipment for example office furniture and computers etc and lastly the people are the user and the implementers of the IS. Now with people here comes the notion of organizational culture, the culture in accordance with the IS and IT plays an important role if these three things are in line or are in agreement then vital advantages can be observed which are discussed as follows: Â · As it decreases the anxiety and confusion created by the IT/IS, it supports the adaptation of the environmental changes, therefore it contributes positively to the overall satisfaction level of the internal staff who have been involved in its implementation. Â · Â   Enables the management to know if the implantation id accepted by the users. Â · Â   Social relations are created when the implementers and users of different departments meet to implement the system. This adds to the motivation level of the employees. Â · Tells the users that which information will be available at what location in what time. Â · Â   Determines the effectiveness of the IT/IS associated to the means of communication, as both inside and outside, it is a vital way correspondence. Â · Â   As it explains that what are the norms and practices of the entity, a feeling of strong unity is created. Interconnectedness of IT, IS and Organizational Culture An IS is created so that meaningful information can be derived out of the raw data, therefore it is that an IS is responsible for converting data into information and therefore quantity and quality of the information is important. However the relationship between data, culture and information system is important. Only an effective IS can be developed when there is perfect correlation between these three. And then only information which is meaningful can be obtained and used for managerial purposes. We have discussed that appropriate people in appropriated places is important, another point about the feasibility in terms of technology and finance. If there are no sufficient financial and technological assistance and resources then the application of the IS may not be successful, for example if due to lack of finance some important features of the IS are excluded from the plan then it won’t produce accurate and meaningful results. Another way in which the relationship of IT and organizational can be reviewed can be provided with two questions that whether it is the IT which creates the lines of an organizational culture or whether it is the organizational culture that decides that whether IT solutions should be incorporated or not; answers to these can be this if there is strong feeling among the users of the IS and other supporting staff that the use of IT has resulted into the benefits of some particular group, department or a person then incorporation of computerized solution will form as the firms norms or in other words culture because majority thinks that yes IT is important. However it is also possible that opposite can happen, which can be further elaborated in a way that there have been opposite behaviors in respect of the discussion between the service and manufacturing sector. This is because in manufacturing businesses there is more of manual labor work and computerization and IT is incorporated to a lesser extent thus a culture in manufacturing would be less compatible to the IT, whilst in the service sector more of IT solutions are required and computerization is involved to a larger extent therefore there is strong evidence of the fact that information technology can set the value’s and norms of the firm. Now there is a question that which approach is the best? This is difficult question to answer because the two have enormous effects on each other, but in light of modern business techniques IT/IS solutions have been more effective on the cultural practices, this is because an IS not only automates the flow of data but also provides manage ment with alternatives ways of doing things in respect of efficiency, accuracy, and timeliness. Specific Relationship of Information System and the Organizational Culture It is possible that there exists a conflict between the norms or cultural practices of two groups in an entity. Therefore, it is in vital interest of the firms that these differences are rectified, because when there is one common way of doing things efficiency and timeliness are prone to occur along with economies of scale ( reaching a position when per unit cost is lowest). More specifically these divergences can be that a larger group supports one view and a smaller group supports the contrary this is known as the subculture. Distinction between these two opinions is necessary so that there might be an informatics or an in informational culture. Where informatics is that for example usage of IT is important, and the informational culture is with more detail where it says in order to make correct and accurate decisions IT should be incorporated as the basis of an IS. The first culture is easy to understand but the second one goes into more detail, it also includes in it the first culture and also the organizational behavior and the information data. It however necessary that in order to have a successful transformation of IT into an IS, conversion of informatics culture into the in informational culture is necessary. Informational and Informatics Culture; Features It is now that we have come to know that what are the two cultures now we must discuss that which one is to be transformed into the other through administrative intervention. When we talk about the informatics culture the case is that it only considers the costs of the IT department only in the short term, therefore it ignores the long-term research and development process which can result into the firms inters this is why it is a usual case that firms end up in spending more and earning less from IT centers as proper consideration are not taken when purchasing its equipment and employing staff. However on the contrary the informational culture approach considers the outputs of an IT center to a larger extent; it not only considers the quantitative aspects of the IT solution but also the long-term usefulness to the firms in respects of tactical and strategic planning, it not only sees the IT solution in terms of an IS as cost, but also highlights it advantages and long-term benefits in terms if research and development and therefore upon this approach distributes its cost over its useful life.

My Personal Learning Style

Benjamin Franklin once said, ‘’Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn. ’’ Great quote to simplify how some people learn best, by doing rather than seeing or hearing. It is important to realize that most students do not know the learning style that stands out in their personalities; under that circumstance, it could be hard for them to improve their grades.That is why I consider important knowing and understanding the characteristic of a kinesthetic learner to thereby adjust my study habits and do better in college. Whereas for some people it is easy to remember materials they have seen or heard, for me it is easy to remember things that I have experienced. Likewise, I can say that ‘’learning through doing’’ is the first characteristic that helped me to recognize myself as a kinesthetic learner.Additionally, there are three others characteristics that put me in that category. First of all, I learn bes t by actively exploring objects. I do not usually read instructions or manuals, ‘’Forget the manual, I will work it out’’ is a phrase I use often when I buy a new electronic device or any product that needs to be assembled. Secondly, as a kinesthetic learner I find hard to study by reading or listening. It takes me more time to remember and understand the material given in class.As a result, I quickly get tired and bored about studying and later I may become distracted by my need for activity. The final characteristic that makes a this kind of learner is that I need to be active constantly. I may feel uncomfortable if I have to sit for long periods of time, specially in classrooms where I lack of opportunities for exploration. The only exception of a class where I never become bored during high school was chemistry, due to the experiments that the professor assigned in class.It is important for me as a student to know the study habits that fit better my le arning style, it not only will help me to preform better in college, but it also will make me understand and study the material given in class easily and quickly. The first adjustment I would like to make to my study habits is joining to study groups. Better understanding of the course material and the development of teamwork skills are some of the benefits I can obtain by joining to people who are willing to learn with me.Another change I would make to my study habits to fit my learning style, would be studying in short blocks. It is true that my need of exploring distracts me while I study for tests or quizzes, but taking breaks of 15 minutes as a reward after studying from 45 to 60 minutes, will help me to get rid of any possible distraction or negative feelings such as, boredom or tiredness. By carefully making the right adjustments to my study habits that, at the same time, would fit my personal learning style, I know that I would improve and do better as a student not only in tests and quizzes, but also in college.

Online news Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Online news - Research Paper Example a reliable source of current news during those years due to their intense research in current issues that affect the society and have impact in the people’s lives. The daily newspapers were circulated on a daily basis and were very efficient and effective in covering all the news that happens the previous days. The news coverage by the print media played a big role in enlightening the society of the issues that happened around them (Nytimes.com). The traditional print media educated the people and society on emerging issues such as technology advancement, life skills and modern trends. The printed media such as the newspapers had various segments that educated people on these issues. Segments that highlighted facts about fashion and lifestyles enriched the society with new techniques and modern ways of grooming. There were segments that provided educative material that were very useful to students at all levels of education. They were an alternative source of cheap education material. The traditional print media provided a platform where companies could advertise their products and services. Since many people in the early 1990s depended on the print media as the only reliable source of communication, it was an effective means of advertisement. It reached many people and drove consumers to the consumption of these products and services. Companies got platforms to advertise their products in the best way possible. They had eno ugh space to present the goods and services to customers expressing all the ideas and concepts that consumers were willing to know. The advertising of services and products from these companies so their sales revenue increasing over the years. Lastly, the traditional print media contributed to the use and success of the online news since it created the foundation in which the online news had just to build on to achieve success in the field of mass media and communication (Salwen, Garrison and Driscoll 82). With the discovery of the

Organ Transplants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Organ Transplants - Essay Example If the black market is analyzed, it is seen that most of the sellers are poor while most of the buyers of organs are comparatively wealthy (Satz 10). Most of the organ transfers in the black market are from the poor to the rich, from the third world countries to the first world countries, from non-whites to whites and from females to males (Satz 10). Why is it that these trends reflect the long perceived inequalities in society? There certainly is a link between organ transplantation and societal inequalities, be it on an economic or a health front. This paper thus argues that organ transplants can cause inequality within society. Organ transplantation will demarcate and enhance the pre-existing inequalities in society. As per statistics laid out by the National Kidney Foundation, more than 89,000 patients in the US are currently awaiting organ transplant and about 4000 additional patients are added every month to the waiting list (unckidneycenter.org 1). Each day, 17 patients die waiting for a transplant (1). In 2004, 3,886 patients waiting for kidney transplant, 1,811 patients waiting for liver transplant, 457 patients waiting for heart transplant and 483 patients waiting for lung transplant died while waiting (1). Estimation of people who meet premature death simply waiting for organ transplants is difficult. Worldwide, it is estimated that 700000 patients are on dialysis and in need of kidneys (Erin and Harris 137). In Western Europe alone, 40,000 people wait for kidney transplantation while only 10,000 kidneys become available (137). It is thus obvious that there is a huge shortage of organs, so much so that governments worldwide are considering the prospects of a legalized organ market! Howev er, it is feared that such a market will lead to exploitation of those (such as the poor) who are in desperate need of money, or those (such as women or weak sections of society) who are forced to sell or donate their organs for various reasons.

The advent of internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The advent of internet - Essay Example MD of the company told 'A' since she has done a module in IT Law, she can write an essay on legal issues related to practice or policies in the company. This will give 'A' working knowledge of the company and in case she detects any problems, then this can be raised with legal specialist. This company has a full order book designing and maintaining websites for small local businesses. But most work is put on its own website- StudentBar.com. The product aims to integrate successful product genres into an engaging virtual environment. Here online, past and present students can meet, reminisce and swap files, share music, mails, graphic files and chat. But when you look this site, you can notice quickly that there is active sharing of MP3 and adult files, and gossiping about their old lecturers and colleagues. There were also complaints from lecturers regarding these comments, asking for immediate removal of material and archve.There is also an issue of old assignment solutions being circulated to present students. The student Bar has a plethora of links to other sites including deep links well inside other sites providing up to date news, games, information, hacking resources, music, gossip, and academic cheat resources sites. Another main problem -Mr.' X 'one of the core development team member resigned over an argument over promotion. It was also found that he was selling the details of the subscribers to the site on to other agencies without the knowledge of the WWW. Now they are thinking of doing it themselves. Mr.'X' was taken, despite being renowned by his disposition to hacking, as he has worked previously in a similar site in the past. So he was considered for his expertise and he brought useful source code for the new project. There are also concerns that the recent viral attack on the site may have originated from this disgruntled employee, who is threatening to launch an identically themed site using no doubt the code he developed at WWW. The MD is aware there was no mention of intellectual property rights in the cursory job contract used for this employee. (MD notes in passing that he would welcome any idea of contract for his staff.) Some subscribers have complained that they have been approac hed by other organizations that appear to have information about them, which must have originated from the StudentBar.'X' who resigned over a payment and promotion row, is also demanding to see any file about him in the possession of WWW which give reasons why he was being, in his view, blocked from promotion. There

Careers and Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Careers and Development - Assignment Example Almost every job undergoes change in the fast moving business environment requiring intensive training to the staff to meet those changes (Self Improvement). Another reason that makes career training important to individuals is their own career progression. Even in cases where there is no change in the industry in which one person is working career training could make their promotions faster. Competitive business environment in particular will necessitate an employee to undergo as much career related as possible to further their career. This has given rise to different approaches to career management and training and development. This paper analyzes the importance of career management and training and development to improve the marketability and employability. It is always the case with a majority of the organisations that the career management of the employees remains peripheral. This situation is mainly due to the attitude of the organisation to look into career management as optional which results in a lack of time and resources as well as the commitment from the management dedicated to such a strategy. Career management also requires a long term commitment which very often is overlooked in favour of the short term organisational expectations. In order that career management activities are made into an effective strategy it is linked both to business strategies as well as Human Resources Management strategies. The major objective of career management as perceived by a majority of organisations is to develop future leaders. But in the present day business context this objective alone can not meet the talent requirements of any organisation. Hence it is not enough if the organisations talk only about opportunities for advancement and progression within the organisation but also about the marketability and employability of the employees. This calls for the filling the future skill gaps and thereby retaining the employees. This again calls for the organisation developing strategies with respect to career management that cover all the employees and support all of their activities towards individual and organisational advancements. Another shortcoming with the career management policies of the organisations is that they carry the discussion relating to the career management at the fag end of the performance appraisal meetings at which point the employees will not have the opportunity to express their career options. As such the performance appraisal meetings will be ineffective as the individual employees will not be able to voice their opinion about their career advancement if they feel it is going to affect their performance measures. Principles of Career Management Zella King points out the important principles that can make the career management strategy effective to make the employee remain motivated. These principles outline what is expected out of the individual employees also to make their career growth beneficial to them. The following are some of the principles that can ensure the implementation of an effective career management strategy: Consistency The individuals are likely to gather

Christian Ethics in Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Christian Ethics in Business - Research Paper Example the branch of philosophy that defines what is good for the individual and for society and establishes the nature of obligations, or duties, that people owe themselves and one another.† (2004: 31) Though the political authorities in all countries devise statutes of laws and implement them for the best interest of the society at large, which aim to strictly establish the complete code of responsibilities and relationships on the professionals while entering into communication, dealing and interaction; yet there appear several issues that have not been manifestly described and defined by law. The rule of law respects us as equals. It allows us to organize our lives, plan our futures, and resolve disputes in a rational way.† (Rule, 2008: 12) Thus, apparently these laws look comprehensive and sufficient in deciding the role, duties and rights of professionals while interacting with others in career life; even then there is an urgent need for some specific code on the basis of which the individuals could be restricted to adopt while dealing with their customers and clients as well as the public at large. However, there certainly exist some specific moral values that are other than laws, and the prevailing legal framework does not restrict the professionals to abide by these moral values. On the contrary, it is religious beliefs and ethical values that apply restrictions and limitations upon the professionals while offering their services at offices and work places. Consequently, religious beliefs vehemently lay stress upon observing of ethics in personal and professional dealings. MacFarlane has explained the decline of ethics with particular reference to occupation of law. â€Å"When we speak of the decline in â€Å"ethical† standards, we should not use the term ‘ethics’ to mean only compliance with the Ten Commandments or other standards of common, basic morality.....A lawyer can [adhere to all these requirements] and still fail to meet the standards of a true

Summary for two articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary for two articles - Essay Example The general increase in the temperatures has had significant effects to the environment. The increase in temperatures has had several effects, which the report has outlined and discussed. The rise in sea level has been due to increasing global temperatures, with the level rising at the rate of 1.8 mm/yr since 1968. This is a result of thermal expansion, melting of glacier and ice caps and polar ice sheets, creating a worrying trend to the world. Increased warming has also been the cause of decrease in snow and ice cover in both northern and southern hemispheres. Increased temperatures have also led to increase in precipitation especially in eastern parts of North and South America, northern parts of Europe and northern and central parts of Asia. However, there has been a report of decrease in precipitation in Sahel, Mediterranean, southern Africa, and parts of Asia. Another indicator of changing climatic conditions is the increase in warm days, warm nights, and a decrease in cold day s and cold nights. Intense tropical cyclone activities have also significantly increased in the north Atlantic since the 1970s, although there is no substantial of such increase elsewhere (Metz 22-24). Causes of Climatic Changes Greenhouse gas and aerosols concentration, changes in land cover and solar radiations are responsible for alterations in the energy balance of the climate system. Greenhouse gas emissions have increased significantly in the last few decades and especially from 1970s. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas emitted by human activities, with the biggest contributor being burning of fossil fuels. Methane (CH4) is another greenhouse gas that which comes from agricultural activities and use of fossil fuels. Both carbon dioxide and methane gases contribute significantly to increase in global temperatures significantly. The last 50 years have witnessed increase global temperatures due to increased greenhouse gas emissions (Metz 198). Impact of Pro jected Climate Change Evidence highly supports mitigation policies on climatic change and related sustainable development practices on greenhouse gases will keep an upward increase over the next few decades. This emission, the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, has projected to 90% in the 2000 to 2030 period. The report points out that fossil fuels will contribute the largest amount of the greenhouse gases. If the emission of these gases remain at the current rate or increase even with a minute percentage are likely to cause more damages and higher temperatures than those witnessed in the 20th century. This means that forest cover, snow and ice cover will reduce significantly, while the sea level will keep rising until the point when these trends will change. The acidity of the ocean is likely to increase, posing a threat to the aquatic life, and these changes are likely to affect human life more than they will affect other systems for example reduced agricultural productio n increasing areas affected by hunger. Adaptations and Options of Mitigation A variety of options to curb the increasing climatic change is available, but the only best way to change this is the reduction of the vulnerability of the climatic change. However, a number of barriers, costs, and limitations, that has yet to be evaluated. Societies have been on the front in trying to manage the impact of climate changes. Additional measures to reduce these

Ballard Integrated Managed Services Essay Example for Free

Ballard Integrated Managed Services Essay When Barbara Tucker, General Manager for Ballard Integrated Managed Services, Inc., realized that her employee’s attitudes and behaviors were on a declining course, Barbara knew she must act promptly. Barbara oversees 452 workers divided into three divisions, each including its own management team; these divisions are food service, hospitality and maintenance. In order to fix the problems with employees, Barbara had to identify the problem first; with the help of coworkers, Barbara was able to create a plan. The plan identified and stated the problem, purpose, research questions and hypothesis for the research; Barbara also had to decide which instrument to use for data collection. Barbaras research plan identified how the data would be collected and identified measurements for the variables involved in her study. Once the study was completed, the data was analyzed by eliminating the data input errors. In the end, a conclusion must be made about the appropriateness and applicability of the data to meet the ultimate purpose of the study. A closer look into the research and the execution of the plan will give management the answers to their questions about employee morale. BIMS management has noticed negative changes within the company over the past 4 months. The turnover rate for the company has increased by close to 9%, the use of sick time has increased, management is noticing a large amount of employees killing time throughout their work day instead of working, and the quality of work has declined as well, creating complaints from the Douglas Medical Center administration, which contracts BIMS. Unfortunately for Barbara and her team of managers, employees leaving the company have not left any clues as to why these things are happening when exit interviews were conducted, leaving this management team to explore on their own in hopes of finding solutions. Barbara and the managers  involved in finding solutions to the obvious problems decide to use an employee survey instrument in order to collect data which is thought to be relevant; HR manager Debbie Horner was put in charge of creating the employee survey since she completed her MBA and based her thesis on employee motivation. Debbie created a survey with ten questions asking workers to express their view about working conditions, shift hours, quality of training, and level of compensation, fair treatment, internal company communications, and job security. The employees were asked to answer the following questions on a scale from one to five, with five being very positive; 1. How well do you enjoy working for BIMS? 2. You enjoy your assigned shift. 3. Your request for your desired shift was fulfilled. 4. How many times have you called in sick in the last month? 5. You are well trained for your work. 6. You are paid fairly for the work you do. 7. Your supervisor treats you fairly. 8. Your supervisor’s boss treats your division fairly. 9. The company is good at communicating. 10. You do not fear that you will lose your job. A few demographics were also included so that Debbie could separate responses by division; Debbie included demographics because she wanted to compute descriptive and frequency techniques, and then further study the data for possible correlations. The Quantitative research done in this case was created as an employee survey in order to get a glimpse at employee’s thoughts and feelings about their job and to decipher whether employees feel they are being treated fairly. This survey was distributed with payroll checks originally and a reminder message was sent out with the following payroll checks. The instrument to be used is a survey based on the questions that were asked of the employees, the type of statistical questionnaire was inferential statistics it was based on questions asked of the employees and was given to a sample size of estimated 449 employees; however, the way the survey was administered was not effective for the 449 employees to complete and only 78 employees completed the survey. The variable is quantitative and coded with discrete information, which is conducive to the type of survey used, and clearly shows gaps between values, however it is not representative to concluding a finding due to the sample size being smaller then what the survey was designed and planned for. Unfortunately, the General Manager was not successful at administering the survey that resulted in a 17% response rate, which does not show a good  sample size nor does it generate the results intended to make concrete improvements and changes to the company. Reference Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics Whats the Difference. (December 1, 2011). Retrieved from http://www.mymarketresearchmethods.com/descriptive-inferential-statistics-difference/

Analysis of S-d Exchange Interactions in Dilute Cu-mn Alloys

Analysis of S-d Exchange Interactions in Dilute Cu-mn Alloys Phenomenological analysis of the s-d exchange interactions in dilute Cu-Mn alloys at helium temperatures AL-Jalali, M. A. Abstract: The S-d exchange interactions in dilute Cu-Mn alloys was studied on concentration ( C ) varying between 10.5 and 2081.8 ppm of Mn in Cu within the ( 0.03K – 4.2K ) temperature range. Using electrical resistivity data on those alloys, the s-d exchange integral ( Jsd ), which is negative, has calculated to show a clear dependence on (Ln C). This dependence, confirming thus the dominance of Kondo effect below 1000 ppm impurity concentration, but above this concentration, we expected an interference between Kondo effect and spin glass regime, which mean that spin glass regime has to prevail more than Kondo effect. Keywords: s-d interaction; electrical resistivity; Jsd; Kondo effect; spin glass. PACS: 75: 50, 75:10, 75: 40, 75: 30. Introduction The main objective of this paper is to study the huge effects on the coupling between the dilute magnetic impurities (Mn), which gives rise to the formation of local magnetic moments, and the conduction electrons from the host noble metal (Cu). Electrical resistivity is a great source of information, especially to get the values of the s-d exchange integral Jsd . For a very dilute alloys (concentration below 100 ppm of Mn), the low-temperature resistivity is dominated by an anomalous Kondo scattering of the conduction electron spin at the local magnetic moments. A typical logarithmic divergence of the resistivity will begin above the Kondo’s temperature( TK ) until the minimum in the resistivity of Cu-Mn Kondo alloys, where higher temperatures is prevailed, and when the magnetic impurity concentration Increasing until ( 1 at. %), the interaction between the local magnetic moments and conduction electrons ,which is governed by the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY)[ 1,2,3] interaction will form a spin-glass phase [4]. The method, I have used, to calculate Jsd was the analysis of crude experimental data and by simi-emperical simple calculating, I found that the Jsd decreases logarithmically with concentration and gives a very important information about competition between Kondo effect and spin glass regime[5], which need a deeper study in the future. Theoretical background The introduction of few ppm of 3d or 4f magnetic impurity in a non-magnetic matrix leads to an s – d exchange interaction between the spins of the conduction electrons Se and the Localized magnetic moment Sd of the transition element, which can be described by a Hamiltonian: Where (Jsd) is the exchange coupling parameter, and is any ordinary scattering from the ion carrying the local moment. With a negative Jsd, the interaction leads to an increase of localized spin disorder resistivity with decreasing temperature. The competition between the spin disorder scattering and the phonon exhibits the minimum in the resistivity of this regime [6, 7, 8, 9]. Phenomenologically; the above competition is mainly manifested at low temperatures in the form: Where the spin scattering resistivity, and, ( EF =the Fermi energy),(Z=number of conduction electrons per atom). In this work, I endeavour to show the behaviour of Jsd in some Cu – Mn alloys, despite the fact that there is the bulk of information has been put forward on these alloys during and after the 1980s, the electrical resistivity one of many sources to provide a powerful means to trace the s – d exchange interaction dominating these alloys. Analysis of data Matula and others reported crude data [10, 11, 12] on electrical resistivity and methods of manufacturing of alloys, especially in respect of purity, constituting the major experimental background in this work. They come from direct measurements already carried on Cu – Mn alloys (and many others noble –transition metals alloys) with concentrations ranging from 10.5 ppm to 2081.3 ppm of Mn in Cu within the ( 0.03 – 4.2K ) range [ 11, 12,13 ]. Figure (1) scales versus Ln (T/c) give us by suit fitting an expression like a logarithm of power series solution: The first two terms (first- order approximation) show a bold line at figure (1), where pure magnetic resistivity could be defined from that lines as a function of ( LnT), and by using a fitting’s programming we can find from the ones of the bold lines a relation as following (figure(2)) :- This matches with Hamann’s expression [13, 14, 15, and 16]: Tk =Kondo temperature Figure (2) expresses exactly what a compatible between experimental relation (4) and theoretical Hamann’s expression (5) there are. Definitely, allowing the inclusion of potential scattering effect with single impurity kondo effect, and sharp determination of kondo temperature Tk = 36 mK. Calculated values of Jsd reveal a variation: (C is Mns concentration in ppm units), as it has shown in figure (3). Expression ( 6 ) was calculated according to a width of internal field distribution [ 12,16 ] at Tmax ( characterize the maximum value of the resistivity at figure(1): (7) Results and discussion As it is shown in figure ( 3 ), above 850 ppm, our calculation to Jsd leads, just as other works do [12,17 , 18 , 19, 20 ] to believe that magnetic transformation takes place from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state and between 860 ppm and 2000 ppm may be a spin glass regime starts to prevail. When we come back to Kondo’s temperature at Hamann’s expression (5), it is most appropriately to denote that the Kondo’s temperature given as [21]: Where, initially, TF =8.12 104 k, and n (EF) =0.294 ev-1. It seems that Tk is not constant as we noted above, and is not consistent with [22], And has clear dependence on Jsd . Of course, we need more studying to pursue this point. Finally, as a [instead of] conclusion [put [(Result)], and from figure (3), we can classify a Kondo’s regime in respect of concentration as following: pure kondo regime vanishes at concentration 63 ppm of magnetic impurity (Mn) . Mixed regime ( kondo + SG ) from 63 ppm to 860 ppm. Ideal spin glass from 860 ppm to about 1%. Conclusion When we increase the concentration of magnetic impurity, The s-d exchange interactions will move to RKKY interactions, where Jsd will represent a phenomenological order parameter, which reflects a shift of interactions between conduction electrons and localized magnetic moments and discovers the new magnetic transformation from a regime to be other. 1

Comparing China and Russias Approach to Change :: Political Politics

Comparing China and Russia's Approach to Change Gradualism is naturally the most feasible approach to any situation. Since the fall of the iron curtain, Russia and China have chosen to move towards democracy. China has chosen to take the natural, more gradual approach to democracy while Russia has chosen the fast-paced, more dangerous approach. These two nations have chosen to change their economies from a collectivized command one to a market oriented one in order to increase the standard of living in their countries. In recent years, China is booming and becoming more and more successful, while Russia seems like it is regressing back to parochial ways. It is impossible to compare anything but Russia and China's approaches to change, and the results that incurred. The two nations have vastly different economies and to compare one economy to another would be illogical. China and Russia's approach to change are vastly different, almost like night and day. China's political and economic policy has always been to do things gradually. Whereas Russia believed in going through the necessary changes quickly, so that the hardship would in turn pass just as quickly. In the implementation of their policies, we have seen that China's approach has led to a 29% of growth in their industrial field. But in comparison, Russia only yielded 15% with their approach. But one must keep in mind that China has more industrial sectors than does Russia, so their job in improving industry is notably easier than Russia's feat in developing an industry. Politically, the two nations have the same policies that they held in their economies. China believes in gradually letting the people have more access to political freedom. And again, Russia's policy has been to flood them all at once with these new found freedoms. Unfortunately Russia's policy hasn't been the most naturally feasible approach again. Their people have been suddenly bombarded with all of these new found freedoms they have never experience before. They are like little children let loose in a candy store. There are all of these new things available to them, and most of the younger generation wants too try everything at once. All of these citizens experimenting with their new freedoms are creating political chaos. The Russian citizens don't have time to savor their new freedoms and are just trying to grab them from left and right. For they are probably afraid that if they don't take their freedoms quickly, they will leave as quickly as they came.

Eve’s Speech to the Forbidden Tree in Milton’s Paradise Lost

Eve’s Speech to the Forbidden Tree in Milton’s Paradise Lost In Book IX of Milton’s Paradise Lost, Eve makes a very important and revealing speech to the tree of knowledge. In it, she demonstrates the effect that the forbidden fruit has had on her. Eve’s language becomes as shameful as the nakedness that Adam and Eve would later try to cover up with fig leaves. After eating the forbidden apple, Eve’s speech is riddled with blasphemy, self-exaltation, and egocentrism. The first part of Eve’s speech contains the most blatant blasphemy. In it, she turns the forbidden tree into an idol, or a false god. She promises that â€Å"henceforth [her] early care, / Not without song each morning, and due praise / Shall tend [the tree]† (ln 799-801). The long sounds of the spondees in â€Å"not without song each morning, and due praise† add to the deliberateness of Eve’s blasphemy. The tree replaces God in her eyes, and begins to receive the praise that she had formerly reserved only for God. Besides being blasphemous, this is also ironic. In her foolishness, Eve ends up praising the very thing that will ultimately prove to be her undoing. Eve considers the tree a great gift. However, because of the influence of the serpent, she does not consider it a gift from God. The serpent has caused her to believe that God did not give the tree to Adam and Eve because it was not his to give. Therefore, Eve supposes that God must â€Å"envy what [he] cannot give: / For had the gift been [his], it had not here / Thus grown† (ln 805-7). In other words, she argues that if God had had possession of this tree, he would not have left it where it is. Therefore, according to Eve’s manipulated reasoning, God must not have the knowledge that the tree bestow... ...d â€Å"Adam† in line 831. The last two lines of this speech are very dramatic. Eve has such a great love for Adam that she could endure anything as long as he would be by her side, but she would be nothing without him. However, this creates a paradox. One may ask, if Eve loves Adam as much as she professes to, then why put his life in jeopardy just to make her own suffering more bearable? The answer, of course, goes back to the selfishness that has pervaded her entire speech. These lines stand out because of the spondees at the end of both of them. Eve’s language is drastically altered when she partakes of the forbidden fruit. It becomes permeated with blasphemy, self-praise and selfish words. Works Cited: Milton, John. Paradise Lost. in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, M. H. Abrams, ed. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1993. 1594-5.

It Wasn’t War it Was Genocide in Rwanda Essay -- Essays Papers

It Wasn’t War it Was Genocide in Rwanda Never ending battles have occurred over the past sixty years in Rwanda due to their atrocious economy. It has been the Tutsi and the Hutu, two out of the three ethnic groups in Rwanda, that have been battling for the government spot. As the years went on, the fighting kept getting more brutal. This brutality ended up being an all out massacre in Rwanda from the Hutu. It has been argued whether if the killings were an act of genocide or an act of war. But what are exactly genocide and war, and which one relates to the conflict in Rwanda? Because of the way the Hutu went through with there harsh brutality towards the Tutsi provides enough evidence to prove that the Hutus actions were an act of genocide. Rwanda is a densely populated small landlocked country in Africa. In this small country reside three ethnic groups the Hutu, the Tutsi, and the Twa. The Hutu account for 85 percent of the population, the Tutsi make up 14 percent, and the Twa only make up about 1 percent. The Tutsi, even though they only make up 14 percent of the populations, have ruled Rwanda for years, which has stirred up many emotions from the Hutu being that they have the numbers while the Tutsi still has the power. Then there is the Twa who have no political effect in Rwanda. Before 1950 the Tutsi and the Hutu lived very similar lives growing cattle and cultivating their land. They even intermarried and shared the same language. Everything was great until a new type of economic system came into play, colonialism. There was always a little rivalry between the Hutu and the Tutsi but this rivalry substantially grew when colonialism came into the economic system in Rwanda. Not to say that Rwanda w... ...me against the rules of war, and since the actions of the Hutu was nothing less than atrocious the incident in Rwanda in 1994 was nothing less than a pure act of genocide. Works Cited - Destexhe, Alain. The Crime of Genocide. New York, NY: New York University Press, 1995. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/rwanda/reports/dsetexhe.html. - Kampfner, John. â€Å"The Journalist as God.† New Statesman. Jan. 26, 2004. Vol. 133 Issue 4672, p. 22, 2p - Lorey, David E. ed., and Beezley, William H. ed. Genocide, Collective Violence, and Popular Memory. Wilmington, DE: Scholary Resources Inc., 2002 - Robinson, Luke. â€Å"The Tragedy of Rwanda.† Monthly Review Dec. 2003. vol. 55 issue 7, pg. 52, 9p - Shaw, Martin. War & Genocide. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2003

Book design Essay

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to guide you through the process of writing your philosophy of education paper and to demonstrate the correct format. Use it as a template as you write your paper. This page shows you the layout of the first page. Observe how the title is first, followed by the Section Title, which is underlined, and that both are centered. Notice also that the paragraphs are left-justified and indented ? inch (Cruz & Smith, 2009). Also look at the page number. It is in the top right-hand corner of the page, between the edge of the page and the first line. It is set several spaces to the right of the running head. The page number and running head should be on every page, including the Title Page. Notice also that the page has a one inch margins all around. In your introduction identify the school of philosophy to which you belong. Are you a Perennialist, Progressivist (or Constructivist), Essentialist, Existentialist, or Social Reconstructionist? Are you a purist, border crosser, or eclectic? Your introduction should begin with a thesis statement (the first sentence of this paper is a thesis statement) and be followed by an explanation of why you have identified with a particular school of philosophy. At the end of the introduction, add a transition. This paragraph will introduce the four remaining sections: (a) satisfactions and challenges of the teaching profession, (b) scope of the teaching profession, (c) responsibilities and requirements of teaching, and (d) structure and hierarchy of the profession. It is not necessary to arrange them in this order. As you address each of the four areas (1) tell what you know about the indicator and (2) connect it to your philosophical perspective. Do not make broad generalizations or statements without documenting your source. Satisfactions and Challenges of the Teaching Profession In this section you will describe the pros and cons of teaching as a profession and career. Tables 1. 8 (p. 23), 15. 6 (p. 363), and 15. 7 (p. 364) can assist you in answering these questions (Henniger, 2004). You must also comment on how you will respond to the wide range of student diversity present in today’s classrooms (Tables 2.1 to 2. 3 and 2. 5 to 2. 7). After stating what you know (one or two paragraphs are sufficient), explain how this is related to your philosophical perspective. For example, as an Existentialist, do you perceive every student as an individual or do you prescribe to the Perennialist view that all students learn and grow in similar ways? In this paragraph, you may speak in your own voice as you relate what you know about the satisfactions and challenges of the teaching profession to your school of philosophy. Scope of the Teaching Profession  APA format requires that the entire paper be double spaced. There should not be extra spaces between paragraphs and sections. Notice once again that the section title is centered and underlined. The scope of the teaching profession includes disciplines, levels, settings, and roles of the professional educator. Select one or two of the following strands and write a paragraph explaining what you know. Table 5. 1 (Henniger, 2004) can help you address the ways the profession is organized. Document the structures charted in Figure 4. 1 and Tables 4.  2 or 4. 3 and state how schools are organized and what kinds of schools exist today. What kinds of services and programs are there for the diverse student population (Tables 4. 1, 4. 7, and 4. 8)? What kinds of curriculum are found in schools today and what factors have an impact on the curriculum (Table 7. 1, 7. 3 to 7. 7)? Be sure to include a statement about the roles a teacher plays (Tables 3. 2 and 3. 3). At the conclusion of this section, in a new paragraph, make a connection to your school of philosophy and explain why you think/feel this way. Do you support the Progressivist teacher who serves as a facilitator or the Essentialist teacher who dispenses knowledge and is responsible for motivating students? Responsibilities and Requirements of Teaching Begin by stating your legal responsibilities as a teacher (Tables 13. 3 and 13. 9) and your responsibilities related to social issues (Table 12. 8). Next talk about the specific skills a teacher should have (Tables 3. 4 to 3. 6), or the professional behaviors and attitudes effective teachers possess (Tables 3. 7 to 3. 9, and Table 5. 3). One or two well constructed paragraphs are all you need. To conclude this section, discuss your philosophy perspective. Are you a Social Reconstructionist who views schools as one of the best agents for initiating transformation in our society? Or, as the Existentialist, will you share your classroom responsibilities with your students in dealing with problems and conflicts? Structure and Hierarchy of the Teaching Profession In this section, describe the relationships between teachers and administrators, funding and governance. Most of this section will come from Henniger’s Chapter 14. Begin by describing how local school districts are structured, governed, and funded (Figures 14. 1 to 14. 3) and/or the relationship between state boards of education and the U. S. Department of Education (Figures 14. 4 and 14. 7). You could also talk about the relationship of teachers and administrators (Table 13. 1). Once you conclude your paragraph on the structure and hierarchy of the teaching profession, connect your views to your school of philosophy. Whether you are a Perennialist who promotes the classics, or a Social Reconstructionist with aims of making societal changes, you should explain why you think/feel this way. Conclusion In your conclusion, explain your current level of commitment to a career in teaching. The conclusion must support your thesis statement from the introduction. Before submitting your paper ask yourself: have I communicated clearly, convincingly, and consistently my philosophy of education? Have I used at least 3 professional books or journal articles to support my conclusions and ideas? Are my sources documented using the correct APA format? Did I support my point-of-view with appropriate research findings (this information is found in the professional reading you’ve done throughout this course)? Remember, your paper should be structured using the format of this model. Your writing should include an explicit line of reasoning and a clear focus with no redundancy. Your philosophy of education paper should be 4 to 6 pages of double-spaced 12- point font. Be sure to include a Title Page and paper clip of Rubric A’s score sheet to your finished paper. Do not put your paper in a plastic protector or notebook, a staple in the upper left corner is sufficient. If you have questions or concerns about APA format or assignment requirements, talk to your F200 instructor. We’re here to help. 1A running head is a printing term. It refers to the headers and footers you see in journals and newspapers when articles are longer than one page. The top of your Title Page should look exactly like the Title Page of this model paper. Beginning on page 2, the first page of text, and one every page thereafter, the running head is located in the upper right-hand corner. References Alfred, A. (2010). Surviving the APA requirement. American Research Journal, 47 (2), 75-83. Curz, M. J. & Smith, C. D. (2009). APA format for dummies. American Psychological Association Journal, 58. Retrieved July 1, 2010, from Academic Search Premier. Henniger, M. L. (2004). The teaching experience: An introduction to teaching. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Henniger. M. L. (2008). Educational philosophies and you. (Rev. ed. ). Athens, OH: Universal Publications. Longfield, J. A. (1997). A survival guide for f200 students. Retrieved July 1, 2010, from http://www. iun. edu/~edujal/f200/survival. doc

Disavantage and avantage of parliamentary system

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Parliamentary System A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state in which the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from, and is held accountable to the legislature. The executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected. In parliamentary system, the head of state is normally different from the head of government.However, parliamentary system had its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the common advantages parliamentary system had is that it's faster and easier to pass legislation. This is because that the executive branch is dependent upon the direct or indirect support from the legislative branch. The executive branch is often includes members of the legislature. As the executive branch is made of the majority party or coalition of parties in the legislature, they possess more votes in order to pass legislation. Usually a bill becomes law within a single session of parliament.Besides, in a parli amentary system, with a collegial executive, power is more divided. It can also be argues that power in parliamentary ystem is more evenly spread out in the power structure of parliamentary system. If comparing the prime minister from the parliamentary system and the president from the presidential system, prime minister seldom tends to have as high importance as a ruling president. Parliamentary system tends to be focus more on voting for parties and its political ideas rather than focusing on voting for an actual person.There is also a body of scholarship, associated with Juan Linz, Fred Riggs, Bruce Ackerman, and Robert Dahl that claims that the parliamentary system is likely to or liable to suffer from authoritarian collapse. These scholars point out that World War II, two- thirds of Third World countries establishing parliamentary governments successfully made the transition to democracy. By contrast, no Third World presidential system successfully made the transition to democr acy without experiencing coups and other constitutional breakdowns.One main criticism and benefits of many parliamentary systems is that the head of government is in almost all cases not the electorate, or by a set of electors directly chosen by the people, separate from the legislature. However, in a parliamentary system the prime minister is elected by he legislature, often under the strong influence of the party leadership. Thus, a party's candidate for the head of government is usually known before the election, possibly making the election as much about the person as the party behind him or her.Another major criticism of the parliamentary system lies precisely in its purported advantage which is no truly independent body to oppose and veto legislation passed by the parliament, and therefore no substantial check on legislative power. Conversely, because of the lack of inherent separation of powers, some believe that a parliamentary system can place too much power in the xecutive entity, leading to the feeling that the legislature or Judiciary have little scope to administer checks or balances on the executive.However, parliamentary systems may be bicameral, with an upper house designed to check the power of the lower. Although parliamentarianism has been praised for allowing an election to take place at any time, the lack of a definite election calendar can be abused. In some parliamentary systems, such as the British, a ruling party can schedule elections when it feels that it is likely to do well, and so avoid elections at times of unpopularity. Thus, by wise timing of elections, in a parliamentary system a party can extend its rule for longer than is feasible in a functioning presidential system.This problem can be alleviated somewhat by setting fixed dates for parliamentary elections, as is the case in several of Australia's state parliaments. In other systems, such as the Dutch and the Belgian, the ruling party or coalition has some flexibility in det ermining the election date. Conversely, flexibility in the timing of parliamentary elections avoids having periods of legislative gridlock that can occur in a fixed period presidential system.

A Social Family Institution in India

Location: India has an area of approximately 3,287,580 sq. kilometers. It serves as a border to the Bay of Bengal the Indian Ocean, and to the Arabian Sea located to its west. Directly north of India are the Himalayas, the world†s biggest mountain range. India also serves as a neighbor to several different countries. Myanmar and Bangladesh located to its east, China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north, Sri Lanka to the South, and finally Afghanistan and Pakistan on the northwest. Topography: India is separated into 4 main regions, these are the Ganges, Indus Plains, Desert zone, and the Southern Peninsula. Physiologically India is divided ten times. A senior male usually heads families in India. In the senior males household a family can be very large. The senior male†s family can include his unmarried children, married children alongside their wives and kids, unmarried younger brothers and sisters, and married brothers with their wives and children. It is common however for families to separate once the father dies. This idea of family is true for both nuclear family and extended family. As already stated above the size of a typical Indian family is very large. The senior male is responsible for providing the financial assistance to the family while his wife takes care of the house. She assigns chores to all of the females in the household. The Elderly are taken care upon dearly by their family members. The marriage traditions in India have been in existence for a very long time. The have a long and important set of rules that are carefully followed by most. A marriage arrangement is a big responsibility for the parents of both the female and male. A marriage is arranged based primarily on religion, family wealth, and the hope for a good biological reproduction. Marriages in India are no different than in most of the countries around the world. It is a very special event for the bride and grooms family and friends. For both the male and the female marriage is a big change not only socially but mentally as well. Only once married is one truly considered to have made the transition to adulthood. Married couples display a strong for male children. Males are desired more because of financial contribution the may supply for the family. Girls on thew other hand are some times viewed as very big liabilities, The more one has the more liable one is. They are viewed as very expensive to support and require very expensive dowries once they are married. Families that have many girls and very few or no males are in great danger of experiencing financial disaster. The roles played by males and females in the Indian society have a very strong presence. Their roles have changed very little in the last couple of decades. Males are the dominant sex in the society. Females have very little power or control over their lives. The male†s main role is to provide financial stability. India†s educational system is one that is very similar to that held by the British. It consists of five levels of education. Level one is preprimary, followed by primary (which in the American system would equal grades 1-5), middle class (middle school), secondary (9 and 10 grades), and finally higher levels (11 and 12 grades). India s governments is currently working very hard to make the peoples education a top priority. The Indian government supplies the people with free education, even with free education only about half of the children attend school. It is viewed by the Indian people that it is more important for the males to attend school than it is for the females. Out of the 50 Indian population is illiterate, 66% of these are females. Higher education in India is not very big. Out of all of the people that attend primary and secondary education less than 10% go on to higher education. It†s popularity however is increasing greatly compared to past years. India†s collegiate system is divided into three. One of these three types is the religious college. These are colleges found by politicians and by wealthy families. They did this in order to gain popularity amongst the people. Government colleges constitute the second type; these are colleges that are found on the outskirts of big cities. They lack private investments and are therefor founded by the government. The third type is called Professional colleges. These are colleges that mainly receive both government and private aid. Professional colleges are the beset of colleges to study carriers such as medicine, engineering etc. 2-India Literacy rate is very high in numbers but very low in percentages. They have over 400 million people that can read but this constitutes only about 56% of the population. 1- India runs its government under a constitution created in 1949. The president of India is elected by the parliament and serves a term of five years. The Prime Minster of India is also a very powerful man in this country. It is said that he has more power than the president. Lok Sabah, otherwise know as the Lower House of Parliament is controlled by the ministers. The federal Parliament consists of no more than 250 members. The President appoints twelve of them and most of the others are appointed by their state. The Lower House has no more than 545 members. Just like the president they serve terms that last fore five years. In case of a national emergency the president can overrule any state government.

To Kill A Moking Bird

Allow the speaker enough time to begin and finish his/her thoughts. (Do not be afraid of usually means thinking is occurring. ) j. Bring others into the discussion and ask others to elaborate on their responses. 2. Bring your copy of the paid questions to class. These questions must be completed before class begins. 3. Set a Personal Goal for the Seminar (Talk three times, allow others to speak, give someone praise for an insightful comment, etc. ) 4. Opening Questions a. Who is your favorite character? Why? 5. Core Questions (Analyze the text) a.Tactics tells the children several times that they need to walk in someone else's shoes before judging the person. Describe times when Tactics, Scout or Gem walk in someone else's shoes. How does this change how they view the situations? What role does this advice play in sympathy and compassion? B. Should Boo Raddled have been locked away in a mental institution when he was a teenager? Why or why not? C. At one point Gem describes four kind s of â€Å"folks† in Macomb County:†our kind of folks don't like the Cunningham, the Cunningham don't like the Ells, and the Ells ate and despise the colored folks. What does To Kill a Mockingbird teach us about how people cope with issues of race and class? Do you classify people in your world as different â€Å"folks? † Do you see those sort of distinctions today? D. In the last few lines of To Kill a Mockingbird Scout says, â€Å"he was real nice†¦ † And Taluses replies, â€Å"most people are, Scout, when you finally see them. † Do you agree that most people In the novel are nice once you see them? How Is Tactics able to see the good side of people despite all he has experienced? Can you? E.Rank In order of culpability (blameworthiness or responsibility) for the death of Tom Robinson the following characters: Bob Lowell, Mr.. Gillian (prosecuting attorney Male Lowell, Individuals on the jury, and Tom Robinson. F. What do you learn about the different attitudes toward Macomb's black population from the conversation at Aunt Alexandra ladles tea? How do these attitudes help explain Tom's conviction? G. When Tom Is being cross-examined by Mr.. Gilder he says, â€Å"l felt right sorry for her. † Why was this a mistake? Why is it that â€Å"nobody liked Tom Robinsons answer. H. One of the chief with Boo Raddled and the trial of Tom Robinson are not sufficiently connected in the novel. I. Why do you think Harper Lee divided the book into two parts? Do you think it worked effectively? Find evidence to support your assertion I. Why does the author tell the story through the voice of Scout instead of Gem, Tactics, or Tom Robinson? J. Why did Harper Lee title her book To Kill a Mockingbird? K. This book is continually banned from the high school reading list because of racism, sex, and foul language.Do you believe this book should be banned? Even though this book was published in the sass's, how can this book relate to to day's society? 6. Closing Questions a. Has your understanding of the novel matured or significantly changed through this discussion? B. What else did you learn during the course of the discussion? 7. Debriefing a. Did you meet your personal goal during the seminar? / What will you work on next time? B. Was there anything about the seminar that bothered you? C. What could we do to improve the seminar? D. What will you remember about the seminar?

Modular questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modular questions - Assignment Example Intrinsically, price-fixing entails intra-competitors’ collusion to: sell products at the same price; apply the same formula when determining the selling price; give the same discounts; desist from lowering prices prior to notifying co-colluders; and to maintain similar price differentials among different order qualities, quantities and types. This is not the case with hospitals in GPOs since GPOs are mainly interested in making more discounts as a way of saving on operational and purchasing costs. This may only lead to improvement in quality services provision (Qiaohai and Schwarz, 2011). Conversely, one can also access resources and information relating to GPOs and their healthcare chain supplies. This is usually not the case with price-fixing organizations which collude to have prices fixed, stabilized, set highly, or discounted. The underhand nature of price-fixing organizations is brought about by the knowledge that price-fixing is a contravention of the federal and state laws. It is highly expedient that the proposal be approached with a lot of keenness since its execution can affect greatly, the future of the hospital. The kind of agreement that is being mooted does not capture the fact that other players in the healthcare industry will not be party to the proposal. This may bring about disparity in the physicians’ emoluments. The gravity behind this development is that although the artifice may help the hospital save 300,000 dollars, long-term negative effects will eventually spiral in, as physicians leave for greener pastures. This means that not only will the hospital incur heavier employee turnover, but that the same will also find it difficult to retain physicians. In respect to the foregoing, it remains necessary that the hospital sets rates that are commensurate to the rest of the market when determining physicians’ remunerations and payments for the ED calls; as

Causes of building collapes Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Causes of building collapes - Term Paper Example Three of the main causes of buildings’ collapse are; faulty design of structures by incompetent engineers, overloading of structures, and natural disasters. Considering faulty design as a cause for building collapse, the most common areas of defects include architectural design defects, civil design defects, construction-drawing defects, defects caused by consultant firm consultants as well as staff, and defects resulting from construction materials among others (Assaf et al., 1996). Among the main causes of defects, design defect is the second most severe from failure to select the most appropriate materials implying that design is at the top of the reasons behind building collapses. The defects that may result due to civil design may be caused by factors that include failure to provide adequate structure movement provision and ignoring other critical considerations that incorporate effects resulting from environmental aggression, weather situations, biological effects, soil condition variations, effects of the wind on structure, and load impact on the structure. Architectural defects that may be blamed for leading to building collapse s include failure to relate exterior materials with anticipated climatic conditions, narrow stairs, and failure to consider the local climate when designing the exterior shape. Maintenance practicality as well as adequacy may result in design defects through failure to consider exit equipment for the maintenance workers, deciding to design permanent fixtures instead of having removable ones, which are convenient when maintaining, and failure to consider maintenance in its entirety (Assaf et al., 1996). Construction drawing may lead to the development of dangerous faults due to lack of details, the existence of conflicting details, and lack of references that are critical in determining the success of the anticipated construction design. Considering the consultant firm administration, the main faults that may

LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

LAW - Essay Example Trademarks could be any combination of words, names or symbols that are used in commerce as brand names, tag lines, slogans, non-functional and distinctive packaging and labeling designs, etc. to indicate the source of a product or service. Only non-functional elements are protected by law as trademark rights Functional aspects of a product or service are covered under patent law with a limited term of protection whereas trademarks are not limited in term (except by nonuse) (Trademarks Basics, n.d.). The law that protects registered trademarks and trademarks registration in the UK is the Trademark Acts of 1994 as amended (Intellectual, n.d). In addition, the European Union has implemented regulations to harmonize the laws of trademarks among its member states, including the United Kingdom (The trademarks, n.d). If a trademark is not registered, the original creator does not necessarily lose all rights to his works. Under UK common law, it is possible to take civil action. To make a s uccessful claim, the owner must prove that the mark belongs to him, that the alleged owner has built a reputation using this mark and that he has suffered some damage because of the unauthorized use (Ibid). Trade marks can also be protected in the United Kingdom via common law rights established under what is called "passing off." The "passing off rights are established by the use of a brand and the establishment of goodwill (Registering, 2008). However, it is preferable to register a mark, as opposed to relying on common law passing off rights, as you have to prove that you have established goodwill to succeed in a passing off action. Also, passing off rights can be limited to a local area, whereas a UK Trade Mark registration automatically covers the whole of the UK (Ibid). The doctrine of Common law â€Å"passing off† works in a way that the owner of a mark can acquire some rights without registering his mark. A trader who uses a mark acquires â€Å"goodwill† in ass ociation with that mark. â€Å"Goodwill† has been defined as the quality, which causes a customer to go to one particular trader rather than any other (Ibid). The owner of a trademark can sue another trader who uses that mark in such a way as to confuse the public into believing that his goods are those of the owner of the mark. This is a â€Å"passing-off† action (The Basics, n.d.). At common law, a trademark is obtained by adopting and using the trademark, in association with goods or services offered for commerce ( Larson, 2003).. The mark must be placed in actual use before protection is available. Once the mark becomes associated in the mind of the public with the particular good or service, the common law trademark is established. Ordinarily, the geographic scope of the common law trademark is limited to the area of use. The three fundamental elements to passing off are reputation, misrepresentation, and damage to goodwill, which are sometimes known as the classi cal trinity, as restated by the English House of Lords in the case of Reckitt & Colman Ltd v Borden Inc [1990] 1 RPC1 341 1 (the Jif Lemon case) (Passing n.d). Passing off does not recognize them as property in its own right, but prevents one person from misrepresenting his or her goods or services as being the goods and services of another person or the plaintiff in infringement proceedings. The law of passing off is designed to prevent misrepresentation to the public

Self-Portraits. Journal. The Renaissance artists Titian, Rembrandt, Essay - 2

Self-Portraits. Journal. The Renaissance artists Titian, Rembrandt, and Durer have each painted - Essay Example Today a dear friend asked me to explain to them why I would want to paint a self-portrait? It struck me dumb. For how could I reveal my selfish motivations behind the brush? True, my talent exceeds those I was educated with, but it hasn’t brought me the burgher status I so deserve (Westermann, 2004, 89). However, the portraits I have been working on lately are being commissioned by more prominent citizens than before (Westermann, 2004, 156) and this certainly reflects kindly upon my public image (Cole, 1983, 27-28). In the end, I only explained to my friend that portraiture interested me as a way to record the likeness and expression of those who hired me to do so (Smith, 2004, 85) and that sketching over 85 self-portraits (Westermann,2004, 4) is merely practice. But truth be told, I am tired of this middle-class morality! I have finished a great tribute to Raphael and Titian! After long studying their compositions I have created Self-Portrait (1640) as way of expressing the desire to emulate my Italian predecessors (Westermann, 2004, 12). It has the muted tonality and modest costume arrangement that is found in Raphael’s work. Also, I have copied the introspective gaze, the luscious folds of fabric and a gentle turn of head, all in alignment with the great Titian (Westermann, 2004, 152). I applied small touches of red to the cheeks and nose to produce a sense of life beneath the off white skin. Highlights of white on the cheekbone, nose and forehead give strength to the three dimensionality of the face. I have portrayed myself with a quiet expression and a simple pose in order to emphasize my facial features. My aim is Cartesian in nature—to produce a direct relationship between the viewer and the portrait (Woods, 2007, 73). My self-portraits have begun to truly represent the outer manifestation of my growing self-awareness

Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scenario - Essay Example Nowadays, the sight of different non-governmental organizations actively participating in the community is a normal scenario. They become active members of the community as a means of generating change. The government, on the other hand, has its own plans on eliminating the different quandaries faced by the community. This is a way of fostering social responsibility. However, with the rise of individualism, man, who is a social being, diverts from the calling of his fellowmen. Thus, social responsibility is now in question. The clich statement, "no man is an island", greatly describes the need of man for others. Man is significantly affected by others' thoughts, feelings and behaviors whether or not others are present. It simply indicates that man is prone to social influence and can be manipulated by social situations. Therefore, man cannot separate himself from others since every thought, feeling, and action elicited by others, has a large impact on his very existence. The community is dealing with different predicaments, from poverty, political issues, diminishing values etc. The government acts as its chief protector against these problems. Poverty, which is said to be mostly the root cause of other problems, is dealt by the government by aiding the poor children in public schools with free breakfast.

Research on the composer Handel Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

On the composer Handel - Research Paper Example Not only the uniqueness of his music but peoples attitude and his popularity made him an important figure of the Baroque period. In fact, this period left a significant imprint on his life as well as career, and it can be traced both in his biography and works. First of all, it is Handels biography that shows he is a representative of a period in which he was living. During the Baroque period, there were two main factors that influenced composers and their music: location and money, with the latter being, perhaps, the most important one. In order to be able to compose music and be heard, composers needed patrons who could support and put them forward as well as sponsor them. In life and work of Handel, such sponsors performed a very important role. The first person who influenced Handels future was the Duke of Saxe-Weisenfels. Despite the fact that he did not support the future composer materially, it was he who recognized the fact that music was Handels true mission even though Handels father felt like his son becoming a lawyer. The Duke once said to the composers father, â€Å"for his own part, he could not but consider it is a sort of a crime against the public to rob the world of such a Genius!† (Kivy 40). It was after Handels v isit to the court of Saxe-Weisenfels that he started taking lessons in playing the organ at Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow (Kivy 40-41). Handel traveled a lot and during his traveling he met quite a significant number of influential people, many of whom were charmed by the composers talent. He spent about four years in Italy (1706-1710) as he was invited there by Prince Ferdinando de Medici of Florence. In Italy, Handel enjoyed great attention of music-loving prelates, such as Cardinal Pamphili and Cardinal Ottoboni. Not only they but other representatives of both aristocracy and clergy were eager to invite Handel to perform music at their palaces for they recognized his talent. Among such people were the Hanoverian Prince Ernst

Feminism in American Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Feminism in American Cinema - Essay Example One meaning is "films made by women" and the other meaning is "films made for women" (p. 27). The first pat of her article attempts to explain how each field within these traditional definitions was transformed by feminism over time, using the "woman at the keyhole metaphor" to show how women gained status from being objects of voyeuristic curiosity and into the curious voyeurs themselves. As Mayne argues (p. 28), there is a need to consider "what relationships women have had traditionally and historically, as filmmakers and as film consumers, to the medium" in order to "understand how women make movies". Nothing could be farther from the truth, but this one-sided argument founded on masculine logic hides a basic natural fact: that men and women are different, and thank heavens that they are, and that women and their feminist representation in cinema would be a constantly evolving and a permanently complex and elusive goal. Mayne explains (p. 33-34) that while it is true that having women at the other end of the keyhole is a typical sign of masculine voyeuristic tendencies, it is also true that women love being seen, watched, and admired. They want to feel and look beautiful, not for any reason or motive that is a sign of inferiority, but because that is how they are wired, and nothing is bad about that. It is only "not good" if such a natural human tendency is associated with a (blonde-haired or beautiful-faced) lack of intellectual capacity. This knee-jerk subjective reaction, no matter how one looks at it, and whether it is applied to women or men, is more a reflection of the one who makes rash judgments based on looks and appearances and not based on interior substance. Women are the ultimate dialecticians, Mayne declares, recalling Ruby Rich (p. 40), who declared that "for a woman today, film is a dialectical experience in a way that it never was and never will be for a man under patriarchy". Like Brecht's ultimate dialectician who lives the tension of two different cultures, "women bring into the movie theater a context and a certain coding from life outside the theater". This is perhaps the reason why women love different films in different ways, and why some films made by and for women reach their audiences in unique ways. Feminism in cinema has certainly shaped the way actors act and filmmakers - both men and women - do films, making the human experience richer and more sophisticated. This is good for all, not only for men and the patriarchy to understand women a bit better, but also for women to better understand themselves and how they look at the world. Making, watching and critiquing movies are, indeed, different and complex (p. 41-42), and reflect the innate and natural differences between men and women that provide the artistic cinematic world a dialectic tension that contributes to its magic. Mayne's ambivalent view of women's cinema is carried over to the definition of the feminine aesthetic by de

Religious Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Religious Terrorism - Essay Example However there is a major difference between sect and cult. A sect is a consequence of an established religion where mostly people either die off or expand into a major denomination so a sect-based religious group is more likely to play the role of the victim, not the aggressor.A cult, on the other hand, is a more dangerous, spiritually innovative group headed by a charismatic leader who usually motivates his group and has several aims other than to become a major denomination. Today's terrorists are ultimately more apocalyptic in their perspectives and methods. For many violent and radical organizations, terror has evolved from being a means to an end, to becoming the end in itself. The National Commission on Terrorism quoted R. James Woolsey: Another feature of religious cults that makes them incredibly dangerous is the personality-driven nature of these groups. Cultist devotion to one leader leaves followers less able to make their own moral decisions or to consult other sources of reasoning. If that leader is emotionally or mentally unstable, the consequences can be catastrophic. The more dangerous religious terrorist groups from traditional faiths may often share this feature of the cult as a charismatic leader who exerts a powerful influence over the members of the group. (Matthew J. Morgan, 2004) Again I would like to link the acts of religious terrorism to brainwashing, as to how it relates to terrorism. Cults usually possesses one main aspiration in mind i.e., to motivate and inspire their groups to the utmost till a stage comes where the groups no longer needs to be motivated and appear in one of the following categories: Intentional Brainwashing - the victim knows as to what he is doing in terms of rights and wrongs. He is aware of all the consequences and still likes to be brainwashed. Unintentional Brainwashing - the victim is deeply inspired by the aggressor to the utmost that he is unaware of his own condition. (Uncertainty) Causes It is important to distinguish religious terrorists from those terrorists with religious components, but whose primary goals are political. Religiously motivated terrorist groups grew sixfold from 1980 to 1992 and continued to increase in the 1990s. Hoffman asserted: "The religious imperative for terrorism is the most important characteristic of terrorist activity today." Today's terrorists increasingly look at their acts of death and destruction as sacramental or transcendental on a spiritual level. The pragmatic reservations of secular terrorists do not hold back religious terrorists. Secular terrorists may view indiscriminate violence as immoral. For religious terrorists, however, indiscriminate violence may not be only morally justified, but constitute a righteous and necessary advancement of their religious cause. As Hoffman observed, the constituency itself differs between religious and secular terrorists. Secular terrorists seek to defend or promote some disenfranchised population and to appeal to sympathizers or prospective sympathizers. Religious terrorists are often limited to their own constituencies, having no

Reconstitution of a Partnership Essay Example for Free

Reconstitution of a Partnership Essay Partnership is the relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of the business carried on by all or any of them acting for all. An essential element of partnership is to have an agreement and wherever a change takes place in this relationship it results in reconstitution of the partnership firm. Reconstitution of the firm may happen under any of the following circumstances and as a result there will be a change in the profit sharing ratio: 1) Change in the profit sharing ratio amongst the existing partners; 2) Admission of a new partner; 3) Retirement of an existing partner; 4) Death of a partner and 5) Amalgamation of two partnership firms Change in the profit sharing ratio of existing partners: The partners of a firm may decide to change their profit sharing ratio and in such eventuality, the gaining partner (i. e. the partner whose share has been reduced) unless otherwise agreed should be paid some compensation and the compensation is the value of goodwill represented by the gain because the change in profit sharing ratio means that one partner is purchasing from another partner of the profits. For example; James and Jones, two partners of a firm are sharing the profits of the firm in the ratio of 3:1 and if it is decided that in future both will be equal partners, it means that James is selling to Jones  ¼ th (3/4-1/2) share of profits. Therefore, Johns will pay to James an amount equal to one fourth of the total value of goodwill. In concrete terms, suppose, the profit is $20000 previously James would get $15000 and Jones would get $5000. After the change in the profit sharing ratio, each would get $10000. James, therefore, loses annually $5000 and Jones gains $5000. If the goodwill is valued at $40000, Jones must pay James one fourth of $40000 namely $10000. This adjustment is usually made by passing an adjustment entry. In this case, Johns capital account will be debited and James capital account will be credited with $10000. In addition to the adjustments for goodwill, the change in profit sharing ratio also requires the adjustment of profit/loss on revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, accumulated reserves and profit (or loss) etc. Sacrificing ratio and gaining ratio: Change in the profit sharing ratio of existing partners will necessarily mean that one or more partners are surrendering a part of their share in the profits in favor of one or more other partners. A part of share being so surrendered is termed as sacrificing ratio while the share gained by each partner is termed as gaining ratio. Sacrificing ratio is computed by deducting the new ratio from the old ratio. Gaining ratio is computed by deducting the old ratio from the new ratio. References: http://classof1.com/homework-help/accounting-homework-help/

Competitive Advantage Through HR Outsourcing

Competitive Advantage Through HR Outsourcing Organizations getting their human resource function done out side the organization is known as HR outsourcing. With the help of HR outsourcing an organization hands over its human resource issues to be resolved by the third party and the third solves all issues related to human resource. Through outsourcing a company can avoid its internal cost to some extent and it will get better services at low cost because third party consultant holds highly competent HR professionals with them. If organization tries to hire those people it would be very costly for it. HR outsourcing gives access to those professionals at minimum cost and organizations get better solution. Now days, organization are trying to move towards HR outsourcing. Many of the organizations now adopt this concept and because of outsourcing, they are performing better. In my research I have tried to find out whether adopting HR outsourcing gives an edge to the organization or not. I set our initial hypothesis that organization gets competitive advantage if they go for HR outsourcing. In order to get results I have conducted a small scale research and on the basis of this research I concluded my findings. RESEARCH QUESTION Does an organization gain competitive advantage through HR outsourcing? RESEARCH OBJECTIVES HR outsourcing is gaining immense importance in the current era. Most of the organizations are now adopting HR outsourcing. It gives organizations double benefit, firstly they can avail services of key human resource professionals without hiring them and secondly organizations can get these benefits incurring very low cost. The basic objective of conducting this research is to find out the impact of HR outsourcing on organizational performance. In this research I have tried to find that organizations gain competitive advantage through HR outsourcing. What positive things they achieve through HR outsourcing. I have collected data from key HR personnel working in leading organizations. This research will assist almost every organization that is working at broader level. By analyzing the findings of this research organizations can get the idea whether they should adopt HR outsourcing or not. This research will also be helpful for those organizations that are considering HR outsourcing. I have also discovered that what benefits organizations achieve through HR outsourcing and what are other possibilities to gain other different benefits. LITERATURE REVIEW In the presence of theoretical model an organization identifies environmental and organizational characteristics that affect the performance of human resource in the organization. Particularly we address the issue according to the circumstance which contributes value for organization by the analysis of environmental and organizational characteristics that affect HR performance and relationship outsourcing mediates. We propose that supplier competition in HR is directly proportion to the HR depth performance. Uncertain situation of the environment like primary, competitive and supplier give the indications to develop the relationship between the performance of HR and amount of HR outsourcing and also between supplier competition and amount of outsourcing for asset specify the latest version of the paper was presented in Houston, Texas, March, 2003 at the Southwest Academy of Management meeting and received the paper award. It has been observed in different organizations that they are focusing on human resource outsourcing. This trend has been observed for last few years. In a research conducted by well reputed institutions of the world concluded in its findings the views of key HR personnel of different leading organizations that they outsource at least one function from the outside in order to increase productivity. P G signed an agreement to outsource HR service in 2004 for its operation spread all over the world. HR outsourcing is gaining rapid attention by different organizations, it is strongly recommended that organization should go through all aspects while outsourcing. In different surveys it has been found that it has declined the morale of employees and customer services are also not up to standards. It is still problem for the organizations that before going to outsourcing for the functions that previously did in the organization and decision solely based on cost and benefit analysis. (e.g.,AndersonWeitz, 1986;Belous, 1989; Greer, Youngblood, Gray, 1999; Gupta Gupta, 1992; Kakabadse Kakabadse, 2002; Lever, 1997), and Vining Globerman (1999) in a research conducted by government agencies that through HR outsourcing organization saved up to 30% in its operating costs. In spite of that difference other studies suggest that while making decision of outsourcing cost should not be only criteria few other factors should also be taken into consideration. In those considerations it must analyze that organizations are availing services of highly competent professionals and customer satisfaction has also increased. (Barthelemy, 2003; Greer, Youngblood Gray, 1999; Gupta Gupta, 1992), by few experts it is said that organizations lose long term advantage (Anderson Weitz, 1986; Greer, Y oungblood Gray, 1999, Gupta Gupta, 1992; Lever, 1997). Studies that have been conducted very recently, Adler (2003) pointed few factors that must be considered while making decision for out sourcing, one how dependent you will be, second is spillover risk, and third is reliability of that organization, capability of that organization, long term sustainability and flexibility. The factors that discussed at first, second, third and fourth position are short term and fifth and sixth positions are long term. Even though there is no accurate method that helps us whether outsourcing is most efficient and effective. Few practical examples are available whether to manufacture or purchase from out side for example Leiblein, Reuer, Dalsace, 2002) findings focus why organization outsource, what are the benefits of outsourcing. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Todays world of business is very dynamic; every business is striving to sustain its position in the market. HR outsourcing is an emerging concept and gaining an edge with the passage of time. Organizations are moving towards adaptation of this concept. It has been observed that HR outsourcing is beneficial for the organizations. Organizations performance increases with the help of HR outsourcing. Those organizations that have adopted HR outsourcing in their organization are performing better than those that have not focused on HR outsourcing. It shows trend towards HR outsourcing. It is utmost effort of every organization to perform at optimum level and give better result to its stakeholders. Though HR outsourcing organizations avail services of highly competent professionals who assist them to increase their productivity and ultimately this will positively affect the profits of the organizations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY In this research, I have used survey methods because this is descriptive research and nature of the situation is uncertain, in which management partially is sure about the problem. Questionnaire was used as data collection tool in which structured and close end questions were asked. Total fourteen questions were designed to ask different opinion from the respondents. In all questions different options were given to the respondent to select his choice. Finally when all questionnaire were got filed then I summarized the result in order to finalize my research findings. Apart from questionnaire literature was reviewed thoroughly. By analyzing both primary data collected through questionnaire and secondary data analyzed in literature review, I have concluded my research findings. In this research, my sample size was thirty respondents and all were professionals working in different organizations. They participated in this research and on the basis of responses received from them I finally concluded about this research. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES In this research, 30 respondents were asked to participate. Out of which 27 questionnaires were received. 3 questionnaires were rejected due to fake or incomplete data, ultimately 24 questionnaires were analyzed. All participants were highly qualified HR professionals that were performing their duties in well reputed and leading organizations. Most of the respondents were in 41 to 50 years age bracket but few of them were 51 to 60 years age bracket. All respondents had been serving in the organization for more than five years. In the response to a question that HR department plays a vital role for the development of the organization, 83% responded strongly agree, 9% agreed, and only 8% disagrees with this statement. This shows the importance of the HR department in the organization especially in the light of these responses. Organizations which have highly competent HR professional are stronger than those that are lacking them. Majority of the responded agreed with this statement only a small percent of the responded denied this statement. HR outsourcing leads organization towards success, in the response to this question 95% agreed this statement and 5% were neutral, they did not respond anything. From the response to this question it can be inferred that it is key success factor of the organization if it adopts HR outsourcing. HR outsourcing doubles the performance of organization, response of this question was not completely positive. 56% respondents were neutral and did comment on it, 23% agreed this statement, 21% of respondents disagreed with this statement. It can be inferred from this statement that most of the HR personnel were not sure about it because no quantitative data was available in front of them, so they reserved their response. In the responses to this question, organizations are more competitive that are involved in HR outsourcing, 75% responded strongly agreed with this statement, 18% agreed and only 7% responded who disagreed with this statement. In regards to another question, HR outsourcing gives competitive advantage to the organizations, 88% agreed with this statement, 7% were neutral and only 5% responded disagreed with this statement. From the responses of these two questions it can easily be inferred how HR outsourcing contributes to the development of the organization. Organization attains competitive advantage due to HR outsourcing. Organizations which are involved in HR outsourcing get their HR function done more professionally, 89% of respondents agreed with this statement and only 11% disagreed. HR outsourcing plays vital role in the success of the organization, 53% of the respondents agreed with this statement, 29% were neutral and did choose either side only 8% disagreed with this statement. Though it is emerging concept, most of the HR professionals are not able to differentiate both scenarios. Most of the organizations are moving towards HR outsourcing, 83% respondents agreed it means they have realized the value of the HR outsourcing. Really it is beneficial for the organizations and this is the key success factor for the organizations. Data Validity and Reliability For the collection of data questionnaire was used which was designed according to hypothesis, and nature of information we wanted to ask. All questions were designed in such direction which gave us proper direction towards hypothesis. Secondly, this questionnaire was initially passed through pilot testing process in which any types of problems or errors and unnecessary things were removed that verified authenticity of that questionnaire. Thirdly, this questionnaire was filled by HR professional and they know very well about related field, they were experts and have extensive ideas regarding this field and they responded to the questions based on their deep knowledge and vast experience. As we discussed earlier in this research those respondents were asked to participate who had been working in the organizations for more than five years and they had captured a leading position in their particular department. They were also working in the world class organization,so scope of these peop le was very high their participation in this research gave me a clear picture to draw a better conclusion. Ethical Issues Apart from many issues it is also mandatory for the researcher to take care of ethical issues related with that particular research. As questionnaire that were received from the respondents having confidential data that was unethical to disclose because they provided some personal information and it seemed awkward to deliberately convey others and it also seemed unnecessary that it should be told to any one. All the facts and figures provided by the respondents especially most secrete things were kept as secrete only required thing that were mandatory to analyze has been discussed in this research. One more thing that what ever the result of this research, organizations which use the data for their betterment purpose must take care of one thing that they would not harm their employees. Recommendations In the view of above research it has been recommended to the organizations that HR outsourcing is very important aspect that must be focused. By implementing HR outsourcing most of the organizations availing the benefits of it and others are trying to implement. Few of the organization have not taken any effort to move in this direction. Though the world of business is very dynamic and it is changing rapidly, it has been hard for the most of the organizations to operate in this dynamic world. On each day new products have been introduced in the market and new ideas have been brought in the market. Competition is increasing day by day; every organization is trying to take over other. Businesses are facing very tough competition and it is very hard to respond these daily fluctuations. For the sake of survival, organizations must critically analyze the situation and plan to responds these changes accordingly. If any organization does not take care and it is not worry about what ever is happening in the business world, they may almost go out from the market they do not sustain their competitive positions. As we know HR is key asset of any organization, all physical assets are operated by human resource. Human resource does not have only capability to operate physical assets but it can also bring new ideas by using its analytical skills. If any organization has capable and competent human resource it has an edge to other organization because it can respond well. Capability is bestowed by nature; it does not mean if any one is highly qualified he is capable as well. Any organization that has hired talented human resource it can respond well to the changes occurring in the dynamic business world. HR outsourcing is an emerging concept; most of the organizations have adopted this concept in which organizations get their HR functions done externally. It the light of my research it is strongly recommended that organization must focus to bring changes because it assists them to attain competitive advantage. Those organizations which have not yet considered this fact must focus on it. It would not only save the cost of the organization but it also would help to render the services of highly competent HR professional. As we all know that business world is very dynamic, each day we find new changes in the market. Organizations are striving to introduce innovative and modified products. With the passage of time, necessities of the people have also changed. In order to produce products, offer service according to expectation of customers, organization must hire those people who must be committed and enthusiastic with the organization. So they must go for HR outsourcing for the betterment of their services and to respond the rapidly changes in the market. Conclusion Organization get their human resource function done out side the organization is known as HR outsourcing. With the help of HR outsourcing organization hand over its human resource issues to be resolved by the third party and that third solves all issues related to human resource. With detailed analysis of this research, I have come to this point that HR outsourcing is mandatory for the organizations and gives competitive advantage to the organizations. Finding of this research confirms that though HR outsourcing organizations attain competitive advantage. In this research, respondents who participated were all professional and performing their duties in the leading organizations. Most of the respondents uttered that human resource department plays a vital role in the development of the organizations and really this is the fact because they are the key assets of any organization. All those organization that captured leading positions in the world market, it was due to their expert human resource. In the regard of question whether HR outsourcing is important, many of the respondents positively uttered that it is mandatory and plays most important part in the development of any organization. Because now a days business people know the fact that it is hard to survive in the market until timely actions are not taken. So it can only be possible when they get their HR functions done in professional ways. There would be dual effect of this HR outsourcing, one organization would avail professional guidance at low cost and secondly due to professional capabilities they would try to motivate employees. HR outsourcing increases the work efficiently of the organizations. Productivity of the organizations increases, in view of few questions it was stated that due to competent HR organizations gives better results and perform at expected level. Most of the organizations are now moving to HR outsourcing, there can many reasons behind that. One reason among them can be the tough competition in the market due to that organization has to respond to rapidly changing market. Every day new and improved products or services have been introduced, it has become complex to run the businesses if proper attention is not paid, it has also become matter of survival for the organization thats why efforts are continuously made to bring organization at competition level. Organizations are striving to make changes on daily basis and respond to the external environment accordingly. It is their full effort to pave the way of success. Focus towards HR outsourcing is also one of the parts of this connection. In nut shell, I conclude that organizations attain competitive advantage due to HR outsourcing;they perform better than other organization, and they become successful to attain competitive advantage because they respond the environment quickly if any new change occurs out side the external environment. It increases the productivity of the organizations and they become more efficient. Most of the organizations are now moving towards HR outsourcing because they have realized the importance of HR outsourcing.